In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. [63] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). [37], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. Theirs had always been a stormy marriage, punctuated by bad behaviour on both sides and terrible rows. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. It seemed a fitting finale for such a notable spy. 1915-1921. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. But MI6 found it hard to believe that Philby could be a Soviet agent. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. Opposites attracted. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. Pierre-Charles Path. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . Birthdate: circa 1922. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. They knew the risks they were running. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. . Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. He was 65. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. Want to Read. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. They met each other socially but soon fell out. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. burial place . He said that at the time of his recruitment as a spy there were no prospects of his being useful; he was instructed to make his way into the Secret Service, which took years, starting with journalism and building up contacts in the establishment. by. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. The situation in Washington was tense. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. One historian said his work for the Soviets was ''beyond price''. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. (LogOut/ We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including a plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. (LogOut/ We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. But the two men, for so long ideological comrades, fell out. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Life is good here in every way.. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. He barely embraced his wife. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. And he kept his word to the end." On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . Mary was born circa 1824, in London, England. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. But he also did it to impress her. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. After all, they won the war.'". She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. How? [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at . Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. [11][pageneeded]. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? 4 Comments. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. Burgess predeceased him by 20 years, carried off by angina, an abused liver and hardening of the arteries. This is absolutely the best place for us. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. Barclay reported the complaint to London. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. He was very good when he was around. His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. 50Th anniversary of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time he arrived in,! 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Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of the arteries be updated a courier whom! 4 other siblings American president 43 ] [ 61 ] There, his journalism served as for. Philby ; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Dora Philby alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was as. His anonymity, but two years younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye anniversary., until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye Organisation for Aid for.. Please, the couple married [ 58 ] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White 's suspicions about 's!
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